Explore the intricate steps involved in the sintering process of iron ore. Discover how raw materials are transformed into a high-quality final product, enhancing industrial efficiency. Click to read!
Iron ore sintering involves the movement of a flame front down a particulate bed, and a series of physico-chemical reactions over a large temperature range.
Iron ore sintering is a very complex process and it can be described by several sub-models, which include the flow in porous media, heat/mass transfer, solid/gaseous fuel combustion, melting, solidification, water evaporation, …
Iron Ore Sintering Process. Sintering burden mix on the grate of an agglomeration machine with air suction through the burden layer is the most common agglomeration method. Sinter burden includes: iron-containing materials (concentrate, ore, flue dust) – 40 – 50%;
This review may provide a road map regarding the development of advanced sustainable and energy-efficient technologies for use in the iron ore sintering process. In particular, a general overview of alternative fuels and their impacts on the iron ore sintering process in terms of the sinter quality and CO 2 /NO x /SO 2 emissions is provided in ...
Coke breeze is the main heat source in sintering process. Its combustion yields enough amounts of heat which melts the sinter mix. One of the factors that significantly affect the course of coke breeze combustion is its grain size [1,2,3].It is known that fine-grained coke reduces permeability of the sinter mix and the use of coke breeze with particle size below 1 …
In case of chromite, the temperature required for sintering is about 200 0 C more than that required for iron ore sintering. The process conditions for manganese ore sintering are almost similar to that for iron ore. The author has actively contributed to projects for setting up of batch type (capacity 15000 tpa) sinter plants at industry site.
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the sintering process converts fine-sized raw materials, including iron ore, coke breeze, limestone, mill scale, and flue dust, into an agglomerated product, …
Sintering is the most economic and widely used agglomeration process to prepare iron ore fines for blast furnace use. In this chapter, the sintering process is first described and …
However, the sintering process for iron ore fines is very complex and involves many variables which are interdependent and hard to isolate. Therefore, the test results from sinter pot tests often reflect the overall impact of these inter-related parameters. Furthermore, for the same ores, the sinter quality and sintering performance can vary ...
Sintering is a process by which a mixture of iron ores, fl uxes and coke is agglomerated in a sinter plant to manufacture a sinter product of a suitable composition, quality and granulometry...
Moreover, the conventional iron making unit, i.e. blast furnace requires the raw material in the form of iron oxide with a size range of 10–120 mm. Sintering is the oldest agglomerate thermal process using iron ore mineral fines of 0.5–8 mm, along with the reductant, fluxes, and other byproducts of the iron and steel industry operated ...
Iron ore sintering involves the movement of a flame front down a particulate bed, and a series of physico-chemical reactions over a large temperature range. In the literature simple and more sophisticated iron ore sintering models have been reported.
Sintering is the most economic and widely used agglomeration process to prepare iron ore fines for blast furnace use. Compared with pellets, production of sinter is cheaper, and compared …
Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process, and its main raw materials are iron ore, returning sinter ore, fluxes, and coke (Fernández-González, Ruiz-Bustinza, Mochón, González-Gasca, & Verdeja, 2017).The high energy consumption and serious pollution associated with the sintering process have always been an important concern of iron and steel …
A mathematical model of the iron ore sintering process in a fixed sinter bed and optimisation of the process parameters using real valued genetic algorithm is described. The mathematical model is formulated based on mass and energy balances in gas and solid phases, which are represented by simple partial differential equations.
To Substitute coke breeze by charcoal in iron ore sintering process: Results are found negative on even replacement of coke breeze with charcoal and also increasing the fuel input from 3.62% to 4.17%. Lu et al. (2013) [5] To perform quantitative analysis of Polychlorinated napthalenes (PCN) emissions generated from iron ore sintering
ABSTRACT Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slag-forming agents, and solid fuel (coke). The purpose of the sintering process is manufacturing a product with the suitable characteristics (thermal, mechanical, physical and chemical) to be fed to the blast furnace. The process has …
In the iron ore sintering process, it is desirable to maximize the productivity and quality of sinter while minimizing the fuel consumption for any given raw material (iron ore, flux and solid fuel) quality. However, given the complexity of the sintering process and the large number of manipulated variables, it is not practical for operators to identify appropriate set …
The sintering process begins with the preparation of a sinter mixture consisting of iron ore fines, fluxes, solid fuel (called bonding agents in Japan) such as coke breeze, and return fines from the sinter plant and blast furnace as well as recycled ferruginous materials from downstream iron and steelmaking processes.
Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slag-forming …
The sinter process of iron ore with biomass carbon instead of coke breeze as fuel was investigated via thermodynamic analysis in this paper through a comparison of sinter composition indexes, metallurgical properties, and pollutant emissions. Straw charcoal was used in this paper, and its replacement does not adversely affect the composition index of iron ore, …
Accurate computational models of sintering behavior would assist to enhance sinter quality and are anticipated to play a role in yield prediction. Sintering is a vital process in the manufacturing of iron and steel. As a consequence, the primary objective of these models will be a thorough simulation of mass and heat transport during the sintering process. In this paper, …
The iron ore sintering process has the capability to handle and utilize complex raw materials, allowing for the reasonable utilization of zinc extraction residue. The addition of zinc extractant has been found to improve the sintering index, metallurgical properties, and gaseous pollutant emissions without significant negative effects. ...
Abstract. Sintering is the most economic and widely used agglomeration process to prepare iron ore fines for blast furnace use. Owing to the depleting reserves of traditional high grade iron ore, there have been considerable changes in iron ore resources available throughout the world, especially in steel mills in East Asia.
Sintering is the most economic and widely used agglomeration process to prepare iron ore fines for blast furnace use. Owing to the depleting reserves of traditional high grade iron ore, there have been considerable changes in iron ore resources available throughout the world, especially in steel mills in East Asia.
Iron ore sintering is an agglomeration process of iron ore fines, fluxes, fossil fuel (coke and coal), and some iron-bearing waste materials in the ironmaking and steelmaking industry . Sinter is one of the main raw materials used in a blast furnace (BF) accounting for more than 70% ferrous burden of BF in China [ 2 ].
The selective granulation process is a new sintering process for high alumina iron ore fines, and can eliminate the adverse effects of 'hard to sinter' or 'unsuitable – for ironmaking' ores.
Proportioning is an important part of sintering, as it affects the cost of sintering and the quality of sintered ore. To address the problems posed by the complex raw material information and numerous constraints in the sintering process, a multi-objective optimisation model for sintering proportioning was established, which takes the proportioning cost and TFe …
The iron ore sintering process is the main source of VOCs emission in the iron and steel industry, and its VOCs emission accounts for about 69.6% . The organic compounds in the solid fuel and the oil components from the raw materials such as rolling oily sludge are pyrolyzed in the preheating layer (150–900 °C) to produce VOCs [ 9, 10 ].
Iron ore sintering is a complex process involving various physical and chemical phenomena. The raw materials used for the sintering process can vary to a wide extent, and often recycling of the poor quality sinter' product is involved. The hot gas produced during sintering can also be recirculated for better thermal efficiency and pollution ...